Person Page

     Boso of Arles was born circa 885.^2,3 He married Willa of Tuscany, daughter of Boso of Tuscany.² Boso died between 936 and 940.³

     Willa of Tuscany married Boso of Arles, son of Theobald of Arles and Bertha of Lorraine.¹

     Theobald of Arles married Bertha of Lorraine, daughter of Lotharius II of Lorraine and Waldrade ?, circa 879.^2,3 Theobald died by 895.³Theobald was also known as Thibault.

     Bertha of Lorraine was born in 863.^2,3 She married first Theobald of Arles, son of Herbert of Burgundy, circa 879.^2,3 She married second Adalbert II of Tuscany, son of Adalbert I of Lucca and Rothilda of Spoleto, circa 895.^4,3 Bertha died on 8 March 925.² She was interred in Lucca St. Maria.³

     Lotharius II of Lorraine was born in 827.^2,3 He married Theutberga ? circa 855.^2,3 Lotharius died on 8 August 869.^4,3Lotharius was also known as Lothar.

     Lotharius' wife was Theutberga. It appears that his children were by his concubine Waldrade.

     Waldrade died circa 868 in Remiremont as a nun.²

     Lothar I of Italy was born in 795.² He married second Ermengarde of Orleans, daughter of Hugh II of Tours and Aba ?, on 15 October 821.^3,2 Lothar died on 29 September 855 in Pruem, Germany.²Lothar was also known as Lotharius or Lothair.

     Lothair I was the eldest son of Holy Roman Emperor Louis I, the Pious, and grandson of Charlemagne. Lothair became coruler with his father in 817 and was crowned by the pope six years later. He twice conspired with his brothers in revolts against their father. In 839 Lothair received the eastern part of the empire in addition to Italy, which he had received in 822. After the death of Louis I, Lothair attempted to assert his power over his brothers, but he was defeated by them at Fontenoy, France, on June 25, 841. By the Treaty of Verdun (843), the title of Holy Roman emperor was guaranteed to Lothair, together with sovereignty over Italy, Burgundy, Alsace, Lorraine, and the Low Countries. After having divided his kingdom among his three sons, Lothair retired to a monastery. His second son, sometimes called Lothair II, reigned from 855 to 869 over the kingdom of Lotharingia.⁴

     Ermengarde of Orleans married Lothar I of Italy, son of Louis I of France and Ermengarde of Hesbaye, on 15 October 821.^1,2 Ermengarde died on 20 March 851.^1,2Ermengarde was also known as Irmgard.

     Louis I of France was born on 16 April 778 in Casseneuil, France.^2,3 Louis married first Unknown ? probably before 794.² He married second Ermengarde of Hesbaye, daughter of Ingerman of Hesbaye, circa 794.³ He married third Judith of Bavaria, daughter of Welf of Bavaria and Eigilwich of Saxony, in 819.³ Louis died the Castle of Ingelheim near Mainz on 20 June 840 in Germany at age 62.^4,3Louis I was the son and sole successor of Charlemagne. In 817 Louis made plans for an orderly succession among his sons: Lothair I, Louis II (Louis the German), and Pepin of Aquitaine. Later he wanted to include in the succession Charles II (Charles the Bald), his son by a second marriage. Dissatisfied, his older sons rebelled (830, 833) against him and fought among themselves for supremacy as well. Pepin died in 838, and in 843 the empire was divided among the three surviving brothers by the Treaty of Verdun.⁵

     Ermengarde of Hesbaye married Louis I of France, son of Charlemagne and Hildegard of Linzgau, circa 794.² Ermengarde died 3 or 30 October 818.²Ermengarde was also known as Irmgard.

     Charlemagne was born on 2 April 742 in Aachen, Rhineland, Germany.² He had as a concubine Himiltrude.³ Charlemagne was divorced from Hildegard in 769.⁴ He married second Desiderata of Lombardy, daughter of Desiderius of Lombardy, in 770.⁴ Charlemagne was divorced from Desiderata in 771.⁴ He restored Hildegard of Linzgau as his wife in Aix-la-Chapelle, Aachen, Rhineland, Germany, in 771.² Charlemagne had as a concubine Gersuinda.³ Charlemagne had as a concubine Madelgard.³ Charlemagne married third Fastrade ? in 784.^4,3 Charlemagne had as a concubine Amaltrud.³ He married fourth Luitgardis of Swabia in 794.⁴ Charlemagne had as a concubine Regina. Charlemagne had as a concubine Ethelind.³ He married first Hildegard of Linzgau, daughter of Gerold I of Allemania and Emma of Allemania, in 768.⁴ Charlemagne died on 28 January 814 in Aix-la-Chapelle, France, at age 71.^2,5Charlemagne became king of all the Franks December 4, 771 upon the death of his brother Carloman, king of Austrasia, and married Hildegarde of Swabia.⁶ He was crowned Emperor at Rome on Christmas Day, 800, by Pope Leo III. Charlemagne led his Frankish armies to victory over numerous other peoples and established his rule in most of western and central Europe. He was the best-known and most influential king in Europe in the Middle Ages.

     Charlemagne was probably born in Aachen (Aix-la-Chapelle). He was the son of Frankish king Pepin the Short and the grandson of Charles Martel. When Pepin died in 768, the rule of his realms was to be shared between his two sons, Charlemagne and Carloman, who died in 771. Charlemagne then consolidated and expanded his power over the next 30 years, invading Italy, Saxony, Spain, Bavaria, and the empire of the Avars (corresponding roughly to modern Hungary and Austria). Having established Frankish rule over so many other peoples, Charlemagne had built an empire and become an emperor. On Christmas Day in 800, Charlemagne knelt to pray in Saint Peter's Basilica in Rome. Pope Leo III then placed a crown upon his head, and the people assembled in the church acclaimed him emperor of the Romans.

     Charlemagne established a more permanent royal capital than had any of his predecessors. His favorite residence from 794 on was at Aix-la-Chapelle. At his court he gathered scholars from all over Europe, the most famous being English cleric Alcuin of York. Administration of the empire was entrusted to approximately 250 royal administrators called counts. The empire did not expand after 800; in fact, by the 790s the seacoasts and river valleys experienced the first invasions of the Vikings. Charlemagne died before their full destructive force was unleashed on the empire.⁷

     He married Hildegard first and divorced her. His second wife bore him no children and she was returned to her father. He then restored Hildegard as his wife. After Hildegard died he married Fastrade and after her death married Luitgardis. He also had six concubines: Himilturde, Gersuinda, Madelgard, Amaltrud of Vienne, Regina, and Ethelind. In addition to his nine children by Hildegarde and two by Fastrade, Charlemagne had five sons and four daughters by concubines for a total of 20 children.

     Ingerman was also known as Ingram.

     Baldwin I de Flanders married Judith of France, daughter of Charles II of France and Irmtrude of Orleans, in 862.² Baldwin died circa 879 in Arras, Pas-de-Calais, France.^3,2

     Judith of France was born circa 843.² She married first Athelwolf of Wessex on 1 October 856 in Verberie-sur-Oise, France.^3,2 She married second Athelbald of Wessex, son of Athelwolf of Wessex and Osburga of Isle of Wight, in 857.⁴ She married third Baldwin I de Flanders in 862.³ Judith died after 879.²

     Charles II of France was born on 13 June 823 in Frankfort-on-Main, Germany.^2,3 He married first Irmtrude of Orleans on 13 December 842.^4,3 He married second Richardis of Metz, daughter of Budwine of Metz and Richilde of Arles, on 25 November 870.^5,3 Charles died on 6 October 877 near Mt. Cenis, Alps.^5,3 He was interred in St. Denis.³Charles II was Holy Roman emperor (875-877), and, as Charles I, king of France. He was born in Frankfurt am Main, Germany and was the fourth son of Holy Roman Emperor Louis I; his mother, Louis's second wife, was Judith of Bavaria. Judith's determination to secure a kingdom for her only son led to civil war with Louis's other two surviving sons, Holy Roman Emperor Lothair I and King Louis II of Germany. The war ended with the signing of the Treaty of Verdun in 843. Charles received the western portion of the empire, which from this time may be called the kingdom of France, or the West Frankish Kingdom. Charles was a weak ruler; the great nobles were rapidly becoming independent, and the Vikings pillaged the country without meeting much resistance from Charles, who preferred to buy them off. Nevertheless, when Holy Roman Emperor Louis II died in 875, Charles received the imperial crown through the favor of Pope John VIII. Charles was succeeded as king of France by his son, Louis II, but the imperial throne was vacant until 881.⁶

     Irmtrude of Orleans was born on 27 September 830.¹ She married Charles II of France, son of Louis I of France and Judith of Bavaria, on 13 December 842.^2,1 Irmtrude died on 6 October 869 at age 39.¹Irmtrude was also known as Ermentrude.

     Hildegard of Linzgau was born circa 758 in Aachen, Rhineland, Germany.² She was divorced from Charlemagne in 769.³ She was restored as Charlemagne's wife in 771 Aix-la-Chapelle in Aachen, Rhineland, Germany.² Hildegard married first Charlemagne, son of Pepin III of France and Bertrada II of Laon, in 768.³ Hildegard died on 30 April 783 in Thionville, Moselle, France.²

     Welf of Bavaria was born circa 776 in Bavaria, Germany.² He married Eigilwich of Saxony.² Welf died in 819.³